A centrifugal pump can be damaged long before an operator sees a low-flow alarm. At insufficient flow, internal recirculation, temperature rise, vibration, cavitation, and unstable hydraulic forces can rapidly reduce pump life. Selecting an automatic [...]

A centrifugal pump can be operating below its safe minimum continuous flow long before a flow indication or high-temperature alarm makes the problem visible. At that point, internal recirculation, vibration, temperature rise, hydraulic instability, [...]